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Updated: Sep 23, 2025

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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Ultrasound centre frequency shifts as a novel approach for diagnosing giant cell arteritis

M Naumovska1, R Sheikh1, J Albinsson1

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.

Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology
|May 13, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Ultrasound centre frequency shift (CFS) shows potential for diagnosing giant cell arteritis (GCA). This novel technique may offer a non-invasive method to detect GCA in temporal arteries, complementing traditional biopsy methods.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a serious systemic vasculitis requiring prompt diagnosis.
  • Temporal artery biopsy (TAB) is the current gold standard but carries risks.
  • Non-invasive diagnostic methods for GCA are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate ultrasound centre frequency shift (CFS) as a diagnostic tool for GCA.
  • To assess the ability of CFS to differentiate between GCA-affected and healthy temporal arteries.

Main Methods:

  • Ex vivo ultrasound CFS analysis of 68 temporal artery biopsy (TAB) specimens.
  • Histopathological examination of the same TAB specimens to confirm GCA diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Histopathology confirmed GCA in 25 out of 68 subjects.
  • Ultrasound CFS showed a statistically significant difference between GCA-positive and GCA-negative arteries (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Ultrasound CFS demonstrates potential as a non-invasive method for GCA detection in temporal arteries.
  • Further technical development is required for in vivo application and clinical assessment.
Abstract

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