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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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Core-shell microneedle patch for six-month controlled-release contraceptive delivery.

Wei Li1, Jonathan Yuxuan Chen2, Richard N Terry2

  • 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|May 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New microneedle (MN) patches offer a novel core-shell design for long-acting contraception. This innovative approach provides a simple, twice-yearly application for sustained levonorgestrel (LNG) release over six months.

Keywords:
ContraceptionCore-shell structureLong-actingMicroneedleSustained release

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • There is a significant need for accessible, long-acting contraceptive methods to improve family planning access.
  • Current microneedle (MN) patch technologies for contraception typically use monolithic designs with limited release durations (1-2 months) and first-order release kinetics.
  • Achieving sustained, predictable drug release is crucial for developing effective long-acting contraceptives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel core-shell microneedle (MN) patch for achieving six-month, zero-order release of levonorgestrel (LNG).
  • To compare the release kinetics and burst release of the core-shell MN design against a traditional monolithic MN design.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of core-shell MNs by encapsulating LNG in a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) core, surrounded by a poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) shell and a poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) cap.
  • Utilized an effervescent interface for rapid MN detachment from the patch backing upon skin contact.
  • In vitro drug release studies were conducted to evaluate the release profile and duration for both core-shell and monolithic MN designs.

Main Results:

  • The core-shell MN patch demonstrated a significantly reduced initial 24-hour burst release of LNG (5.8 ± 0.5%) compared to the monolithic design (22.6 ± 2.0%).
  • The core-shell MNs achieved approximately zero-order LNG release for a duration of 6.2 ± 0.1 months in vitro.
  • In contrast, the monolithic MN patch exhibited drug release for only 2.1 ± 0.2 months.

Conclusions:

  • The developed core-shell MN patch represents the first system capable of controlled, months-long drug release.
  • This technology offers a promising platform for developing simple-to-administer, long-acting contraceptive options, potentially administered twice-yearly.
  • The core-shell design effectively overcomes the limitations of burst release and short duration associated with traditional monolithic MNs for long-acting drug delivery.