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Occupational risk of cutaneous larva migrans: A case report and a systematic literature review
Angela Stufano1, Caterina Foti2, Piero Lovreglio1
1Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Abstract:
Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a parasitic zoonosis of warm tropical and subtropical areas, although autochthonous cases have been increasingly reported in Western European countries. Data on the prevalence of CLM as an occupational disease in workers exposed to potentially contaminated soil or in close contact with dogs and cats are scant. Herein, we report an autochthonous case of CLM in a dog breeder from southern Italy (Apulia region), along with a systematic literature review describing the risk of CLM infection, mainly according to job categories. The patient was referred to the dermatology unit presenting a serpiginous lesion on his hand, raising the suspected CLM diagnosis. In non-endemic areas, CLM might represent a challenge for physicians in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, particularly in workplaces. The multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis of CLM with the involvement of different scientific competences (i.e., dermatologists, veterinarians, and occupational physicians) may contribute to further assess the distribution of human CLM and associated risk factors, toward reducing the risk for the infection.
Insights
Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM), a tropical disease, is increasingly found in Europe. This case highlights CLM as an occupational risk for dog breeders, emphasizing the need for better workplace diagnosis and prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Veterinary Medicine
- Occupational Health
Background:
- Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a parasitic zoonosis prevalent in tropical/subtropical regions.
- Autochthonous CLM cases are increasingly reported in Western Europe, posing diagnostic challenges.
- Data on CLM as an occupational disease, especially in dog/cat-exposed workers, are limited.
Observation:
- A dog breeder in southern Italy presented with a characteristic serpiginous hand lesion, leading to a CLM diagnosis.
- This case underscores the potential for CLM transmission in occupational settings involving animal contact.
Findings:
- CLM poses diagnostic and preventive challenges for physicians in non-endemic areas, particularly in occupational contexts.
- A systematic literature review identified job categories with a higher risk of CLM infection.
- The study highlights the importance of recognizing CLM in individuals with occupational exposure to contaminated soil or animals.
Implications:
- A multidisciplinary diagnostic approach involving dermatologists, veterinarians, and occupational physicians is crucial for accurate CLM assessment.
- Improved understanding of CLM distribution and risk factors in occupational settings is needed.
- Implementing targeted prevention strategies in workplaces can reduce the incidence of human CLM infections.
