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    Air traffic controllers (ATCs) demonstrate above-average executive functions, including mental flexibility. Newer ATCs scored higher on cognitive tests than experienced ones, suggesting experience may not always enhance these critical skills.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Occupational Health
    • Human Factors in Aviation

    Background:

    • Air traffic controllers (ATCs) perform safety-critical tasks requiring high-level cognitive abilities.
    • Executive functions are crucial for complex decision-making and error prevention in aviation.
    • Understanding how occupational factors influence these functions is vital for ATC well-being and performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the executive functions of Brazilian air traffic controllers (ATCs).
    • To investigate the relationship between ATCs' executive functions and demographic/occupational factors like service length and work shifts.
    • To compare executive function performance across different experience levels and work patterns.

    Main Methods:

    • A cross-sectional study involving 52 Brazilian ATCs.
    • Utilized the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to assess executive functions.
    • Employed questionnaires and statistical analyses (t-tests, ANOVA) to correlate WCST performance with job characteristics.

    Main Results:

    • ATCs with 0-5 years of service scored significantly higher on the WCST than more experienced controllers.
    • Controllers on a 3-shift pattern showed better performance and fewer errors than those on a 4-shift pattern, though not statistically significant.
    • No significant differences in executive function performance were found between ATCs working solely in the Aerodrome Control Tower (TWR) versus those working in both TWR and Approach Control Service (APP).

    Conclusions:

    • ATCs exhibit executive functions, including mental flexibility and inhibitory control, that are generally above the population average.
    • Cognitive performance, particularly on the WCST, appears stronger in less experienced ATCs compared to their more seasoned counterparts.
    • While work shifts may impact performance, executive function capabilities are a fundamental component of successful air traffic control.