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Progress Toward Polio Eradication - Worldwide, January 2020-April 2022.

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    Global polio eradication efforts show significant progress, with wild poliovirus cases drastically reduced. However, circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses remain a threat, requiring intensified action for complete eradication.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
    • Vaccinology

    Background:

    • The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), established in 1988, has achieved a 99.99% reduction in wild poliovirus (WPV) cases.
    • WPV types 2 and 3 have been eradicated globally.
    • Wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) transmission persists only in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report global progress in polio eradication from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2022.
    • To update on the status of wild poliovirus and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) cases.
    • To assess the feasibility of the 2022-2026 GPEI Strategic Plan objective.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of reported WPV1 and cVDPV cases globally during the specified period.
    • Review of WPV1 transmission data from Afghanistan and Pakistan.
    • Identification of WPV1 genetic links to cases in other countries, such as Malawi.

    Main Results:

    • WPV1 cases decreased from 140 in 2020 to 5 in 2021, with 3 reported by May 2022.
    • 1,856 paralytic cVDPV cases were reported globally between January 2020 and April 2022.
    • WPV1 cases were reported in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and a linked case in Malawi.

    Conclusions:

    • Ending WPV1 transmission by the end of 2023 is attainable, but requires intensified programmatic actions.
    • Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses pose a significant risk due to low population immunity.
    • Complete eradication of all polioviruses, including WPV and cVDPV, is necessary to eliminate the risk of paralysis.