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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming
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ALKBH5 regulates somatic cell reprogramming in a phase-specific manner.

Sherif Khodeer1, Arne Klungland1,2, John Arne Dahl1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Forskningsveien 1, 0373 Oslo, Norway.

Journal of Cell Science
|May 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The RNA demethylase ALKBH5 plays a key role in induced pluripotent stem cell generation. It regulates somatic cell reprogramming efficiency and Nanog expression through its catalytic activity at specific stages.

Keywords:
Alkbh5NanogInduced pluripotent stem cellsReprogrammingSOX2iPSCs

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Cell Surface Marker Mediated Purification of iPS Cell Intermediates from a Reprogrammable Mouse Model
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Cell Surface Marker Mediated Purification of iPS Cell Intermediates from a Reprogrammable Mouse Model
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Cell Surface Marker Mediated Purification of iPS Cell Intermediates from a Reprogrammable Mouse Model

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are generated by reprogramming somatic cells using specific transcription factors.
  • The underlying mechanisms of somatic cell reprogramming are not fully understood.
  • N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is an important epitranscriptomic mark regulating gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the m6A demethylase ALKBH5 in somatic cell reprogramming.
  • To elucidate the stage-specific functions of ALKBH5 during the reprogramming process.
  • To understand the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of ALKBH5 in iPSC generation.

Main Methods:

  • Somatic cell reprogramming was induced using four transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c-MYC).
  • ALKBH5 was manipulated (knockdown, knockout, overexpression) at different reprogramming stages.
  • Cell proliferation, cell cycle (G2/M phase), epithelial marker expression, and Nanog transcript levels were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • ALKBH5 knockdown/knockout in early reprogramming impaired efficiency by reducing proliferation and epithelial marker upregulation.
  • ALKBH5 overexpression in early reprogramming had no significant effect.
  • ALKBH5 overexpression in late reprogramming enhanced efficiency by stabilizing Nanog transcripts and increasing Nanog expression.

Conclusions:

  • ALKBH5 regulates somatic cell reprogramming in a stage-specific manner via its catalytic activity.
  • ALKBH5 is crucial for efficient reprogramming by influencing cell proliferation and Nanog expression.
  • This study reveals the dynamic, post-transcriptional role of ALKBH5 in iPSC generation.