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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

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Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
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Affective disorders in the elderly.

R E Neshkes, L F Jarvik

    Annual Review of Medicine
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Elderly individuals can experience mania and depression, similar to younger patients. Treatment for these affective disorders in seniors often involves lower medication doses and increased attention to potential side effects.

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    Area of Science:

    • Geriatric psychiatry
    • Neuroscience
    • Clinical psychology

    Background:

    • Elderly patients are susceptible to affective disturbances like mania and depression.
    • These conditions can stem from primary disorders or secondary organic causes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the presentation and management of mania and depression in the elderly.
    • To highlight differences in treatment approaches compared to younger populations.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on geriatric affective disorders.
    • Analysis of treatment strategies, including pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.
    • Consideration of organic etiologies and their impact on management.

    Main Results:

    • Affective disorders in the elderly require tailored treatment strategies.
    • Pharmacologic interventions for nonorganic conditions are similar to younger patients but necessitate dose adjustments.
    • Increased prevalence of side effects in elderly patients undergoing pharmacotherapy.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of geriatric mania and depression is achievable with appropriate interventions.
    • Careful consideration of dosage and side effect profiles is crucial for elderly patients.
    • Addressing underlying organic causes is essential for specific treatment protocols.