Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

6.5K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.5K
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

4.0K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
4.0K
Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

447
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
447
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

83
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
83
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

3.2K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
3.2K
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

2.4K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

From Sick Bed to Death Bed? Patient Composition and Mortality in the Amsterdam Binnengasthuis, 1856-1896.

Social history of medicine : the journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine·2026
Same journal

What Is a Doctor? Braided Global Histories of Medical Assistants, Intermediaries and Auxiliaries.

Social history of medicine : the journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine·2026
Same journal

Supplying Relief: Civil Medical Assistance during the Korean War, 1950-3.

Social history of medicine : the journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine·2026
Same journal

'Brought in Dead': Post-Mortem Glimpses of the Early 'Heroin Epidemic' in Ireland, 1971-1983.

Social history of medicine : the journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine·2026
Same journal

Robert Lee and his Undisciplined Medical Self: Life Writing, Character and 'Technologies of Self' in the Victorian Medical Profession.

Social history of medicine : the journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine·2026
Same journal

Musical Spaces in the Asylum in Watt Street, Newcastle, New South Wales.

Social history of medicine : the journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

17.7K

Diagnosing Rickets in Early Modern England: Statistical Evidence and Social Response.

Gill Newton1

  • 1CAMPOP, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK.

Social History of Medicine : the Journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine
|May 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rickets, a disease impacting wealthy children in 17th-century UK, was linked to diet and environment. Its mortality declined post-1700, though cases increased, suggesting evolving public health challenges.

Keywords:
air pollutioncause of death reportingchild mortalityinfant feedingrickets

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Accuracy and Reproducibility in Whole Bone Bending Tests
04:20

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Accuracy and Reproducibility in Whole Bone Bending Tests

Published on: September 1, 2023

985
A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

10.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

17.7K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Accuracy and Reproducibility in Whole Bone Bending Tests
04:20

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Accuracy and Reproducibility in Whole Bone Bending Tests

Published on: September 1, 2023

985
A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

10.8K

Area of Science:

  • Historical epidemiology
  • Nutritional science
  • Public health history

Background:

  • Seventeenth-century United Kingdom faced a significant epidemic of rickets, a newly recognized disease.
  • The nutritional and environmental causes of rickets were poorly understood at the time.
  • Parish burial registers and London Bills of Mortality indicate rickets mortality rates of 2-8% in urban populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the historical emergence and contributing factors of the rickets epidemic in early modern UK.
  • To analyze the social and environmental determinants of rickets, particularly concerning infant feeding practices.
  • To examine the changing trends in rickets mortality and morbidity after 1700.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of historical demographic data, including parish burial registers and London Bills of Mortality.
  • Review of contemporary medical descriptions, treatments, and osteological evidence.
  • Examination of seasonality and age incidence of rickets deaths.

Main Results:

  • Rickets disproportionately affected wealthy children, linked to reduced breastfeeding and calcium deficiency.
  • Poorer children's diets hindered recovery, despite lower initial incidence.
  • Rickets mortality decreased after 1700, while morbidity, supported by medical and osteological evidence, appeared to rise.

Conclusions:

  • The 17th-century rickets epidemic in the UK was driven by coal dependency, climate, and social disparities in infant feeding.
  • Shifting infant feeding practices, particularly among the affluent, played a crucial role in disease manifestation.
  • The divergence between declining mortality and increasing morbidity suggests a complex evolution of the disease and its impact.