Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 23, 2025
Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain
Published on: March 27, 2018
Structural, electrical, and multiferroic characteristics of lead-free multiferroic: Bi(Co0.5Ti0.5)O3-BiFeO3 solid
Nitin Kumar1, Alok Shukla1, Nripesh Kumar1
1Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Mizoram Aizawl-796012 India nitinphysicskushawaha@gmail.com.
Abstract:
A solid solution of bismuth cobalt titanate [Bi(Co0.5Ti0.5)O3] and bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) with a composition Bi(Co0.40Ti0.40Fe0.20)O3 (abbreviated as BCTF80/20) was synthesized via a cost effective solid-state technique. Phase identification and basic structural symmetry of the samples were determined by analyzing powder X-ray diffraction data. Field emission scanning electron micrograph (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra were analyzed to evaluate the micro-structural aspects (shape and size, distribution of grains) as well as a quantitative evaluation of the sample. The average crystallite (particle) and grain size were found to be ∼30 nm and ∼1-2 micron, respectively. The electrical parameters (dielectric constant, tangent loss, impedance, modulus, and conductivity) of as-synthesized material were obtained in a temperature range of 300 to 773 K and frequency range of 1 kHz and 1000 kHz. The strong correlation of microstructure (i.e., grains, grain boundary, etc.) and electrical parameters of this material were observed. The frequency dependence of electrical impedance and modulus exhibited a deviation from an ideal Debye-like relaxation process. The dependence of dielectric relaxation mechanism on frequency and temperature is discussed in detail. The field dependent polarization (P-E hysteresis loop) of BCTF80/20 exhibited an enhanced value of remnant polarization as compared to that of BiFeO3 (referred as BFO). At room temperature (300 K), the magnetic hysteresis loop measurements also showed a significant improvement in the magnetization of BCTF80/20. Thus, based on these enhanced values of remnant polarization and magnetic parameters, we can assume that BCTF80/20 may be considered as a promising candidate for some new generations of electronic devices.
Related Concept Videos
01:31Ferromagnetism
03:02Colors and Magnetism
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
02:54Molecular and Ionic Solids
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
02:42Valence Bond Theory
02:42Ionic Crystal Structures
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...