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Bamboo leaf-based carbon dots for efficient tumor imaging and therapy.

Mochamad Zakki Fahmi1, Abdul Haris1, Ahmadi Jaya Permana1

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Carbon dots (CDs) offer potential in biomedical applications due to their unique optical properties and low toxicity.
  • Utilizing waste biomass like bamboo leaves for CD synthesis presents a sustainable and eco-friendly approach.
  • Targeted drug delivery systems are crucial for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy and minimizing side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize carbon dots from bamboo leaf cellulose for simultaneous bio-imaging and targeted drug delivery.
  • To functionalize carbon dots with 4-carboxybenzylboronic acid and doxorubicin for enhanced specificity towards HeLa tumor cells.
  • To evaluate the biocompatibility, stability, cellular uptake, and therapeutic potential of the modified carbon dots.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of carbon dots from bamboo leaf cellulose via a green chemistry approach.
  • Modification of carbon dots with 4-carboxybenzylboronic acid and doxorubicin.
  • Characterization using various analytical techniques (e.g., spectroscopy, microscopy).
  • In vitro studies including confocal microscopy, cell viability assays, and flow cytometry on HeLa cells.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized carbon dots exhibited blue fluorescence, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and stability across a wide pH range and ionic strengths.
  • Modified carbon dots demonstrated folate receptor-mediated endocytosis for cellular uptake in HeLa cells.
  • Selective uptake by HeLa cells was confirmed, leading to significantly enhanced cell cytotoxicity upon doxorubicin delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Bamboo leaf-derived carbon dots are a promising, sustainable platform for multifunctional biomedical applications.
  • The functionalized carbon dots effectively target cancer cells and enhance the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin.
  • This approach represents an innovative strategy for green cancer theranostics.