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Sulfite hypersensitivity. A critical review.

A F Gunnison, D W Jacobsen

    CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Sulfiting agents are common food preservatives linked to adverse reactions, particularly in asthmatics. This review details sulfite hypersensitivity and sulfur dioxide sensitivity in asthmatic populations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Food Science
    • Pharmacology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Sulfiting agents (sulfur dioxide, bisulfite, sulfite, metabisulfite) are widely used preservatives in food, beverages, and pharmaceuticals.
    • Recent reports highlight numerous adverse reactions to sulfiting agents.
    • Sulfite hypersensitivity is predominantly observed in individuals with chronic asthma.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compile and discuss reported adverse reactions to sulfiting agents via ingestion, inhalation, and parenteral administration.
    • To review the prevalence and mechanisms of sulfite hypersensitivity and sulfur dioxide sensitivity in asthmatics.
    • To examine sulfite metabolism and the role of sulfite oxidase in sulfite hypersensitivity etiology.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive literature review of reported adverse reactions to sulfiting agents.

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  • Analysis of studies on sulfite hypersensitivity prevalence in chronic asthmatics.
  • Discussion of proposed mechanisms for sulfite and sulfur dioxide sensitivity.

    • Main Results:

    • 5-10% of chronic asthmatics may be sulfite hypersensitive.
    • Nearly all asthmatics exhibit respiratory sensitivity to sulfur dioxide.
    • Mechanisms of hypersensitivity and sensitivity are discussed in detail.

    Conclusions:

    • Sulfite hypersensitivity is a significant concern, especially for the asthmatic population.
    • Understanding sulfite metabolism and detoxification pathways is crucial for explaining hypersensitivity.
    • Further research into sulfite sensitivity mechanisms is warranted.