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Molecular farming using transgenic rice endosperm.

Qinlong Zhu¹, Jiantao Tan², Yao-Guang Liu¹

¹State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.

Trends in Biotechnology

|May 13, 2022

Summary

Rice endosperm serves as a cost-effective plant expression platform for producing valuable proteins and nutrients. This review highlights its potential in molecular farming for pharmaceuticals and functional foods, alongside commercialization challenges.

Keywords:

bioactive metabolites bioreactor molecular farming recombinant proteins rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm synthetic biology

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Plant Molecular Biology
Agricultural Science

Background:

Plant expression platforms offer sustainable, scalable, and safe production of recombinant proteins and bioactive compounds.
Rice endosperm is a promising bioreactor for high-value substances like pharmaceuticals, vaccines, vitamins, and nutraceuticals.
Molecular farming in plants is advancing from medicine production to biofortification of food crops.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the progress of producing pharmaceutical proteins and bioactive substances in rice endosperm.
To compare the rice endosperm expression system with other plant-based platforms.
To discuss the potential for metabolic engineering in rice endosperm and factors affecting commercialization.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent advancements in plant molecular farming.
Comparative analysis of rice endosperm as a bioreactor versus other plant expression systems.
Exploration of metabolic pathway engineering and product stabilization strategies in rice.

Main Results:

Rice endosperm demonstrates significant potential for producing diverse high-value products, including recombinant proteins and nutraceuticals.
The platform is suitable for molecular farming applications, ranging from pharmaceuticals to functional food development.
Successful modification of rice endosperm allows for designed metabolic pathways and stable product storage.

Conclusions:

Rice endosperm is a versatile and efficient platform for molecular farming, with broad applications in medicine and agriculture.
Further research into metabolic engineering and overcoming commercialization barriers is crucial for realizing the full potential of transgenic rice products.
Plant-based expression systems, particularly rice endosperm, represent a sustainable approach to producing essential bioactive compounds and enhancing food security.