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Related Concept Videos

Bricks01:14

Bricks

159
Bricks, a fundamental building material, are crafted from fired clay and exhibit a range of shapes, sizes, and colors. The production process starts with extracting local clay or shale, which is then crushed, ground, and screened for a fine texture. The refined material is blended with water, creating a pliable mixture that can be formed into bricks using one of three processes: soft mud, dry press, or stiff mud methods.
Soft mud bricks are shaped in molds with high moisture content and can be...
159
Brick Classifications01:16

Brick Classifications

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Bricks, a fundamental component of construction, are categorized based on their application and structural characteristics into several types. These include facing bricks, building bricks, hollow bricks, paving bricks, and firebricks. Facing bricks, also referred to as face bricks, are primarily used for both structural support and visual appeal, making their appearance a crucial aspect. In contrast, building bricks are typically used in concealed sections of a structure, such as behind the...
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Masonry01:28

Masonry

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Masonry, known for its strength, durability, and aesthetic versatility, encompasses construction with solid stone or man-made units like bricks, clay tiles, terra cotta, and concrete blocks, combined to form structures like walls, floors, and arches. These units are placed in a systematic fashion, known as coursing, and are bound together using mortar—a mixture typically made of water, cement, and sand.
The process of building with masonry is hands-on and can be executed with basic tools....
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Concrete01:20

Concrete

468
Concrete is a vital construction material extensively used worldwide, primarily valued for its strength, durability, and versatility, which it provides for various structural designs. Concrete generally comprises ingredients like Portland cement, coarse gravel, fine sand, and water. Concrete can be mixed by simple hand methods or industrially at computer-controlled plants. The mixture consists of aggregates and a paste made from water and Portland cement. This paste coats the aggregates and,...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

3.1K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Fused Filament Fabrication FFF of Metal-Ceramic Components
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Fused Filament Fabrication FFF of Metal-Ceramic Components

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Ceramics overview.

Russell Giordano Ii1

  • 1Assistant Dean and Director of Biomaterials, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. rgiord@bu.edu.

British Dental Journal
|May 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers dental ceramic materials, including feldspathic ceramics, glass ceramics, and zirconia. Understanding their properties is crucial for selecting the right material for indirect restorations.

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Multi-material Ceramic-Based Components – Additive Manufacturing of Black-and-white Zirconia Components by Thermoplastic 3D-Printing (CerAM - T3DP)
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Last Updated: Sep 23, 2025

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Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Restorative Dentistry

Background:

  • Ceramic materials are increasingly preferred for indirect dental restorations.
  • Digital dentistry has accelerated the shift from porcelain-fused-to-metal to all-ceramic restorations.
  • Variations in ceramic composition, microstructure, and processing influence mechanical properties and clinical utility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various types of dental ceramics based on their structure and properties.
  • To provide guidance for proper clinical selection of ceramic materials.
  • To discuss the distinctions among zirconia-based ceramics.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of ceramic materials by composition, microstructure, processing technique, and clinical application.
  • Review of literature on the properties of different ceramic types.
  • Analysis of structure-property relationships relevant to clinical use.

Main Results:

  • Feldspathic ceramics, glass ceramics, and zirconia represent key categories of dental ceramics.
  • Differences in material properties necessitate careful consideration for clinical application.
  • Zirconia-based ceramics exhibit distinct characteristics influencing their selection.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of dental ceramic types, structures, and properties is essential for optimal clinical decision-making.
  • Proper material selection enhances the longevity and success of indirect restorations.
  • Further understanding of zirconia variations aids in specialized applications.