Monodisperse and Nanometric-Sized Calcium Carbonate Particles Synthesis Optimization

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) particles represent an appealing choice as a drug delivery system due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, simplicity and cost-effectiveness of manufacturing, and stimulus-responsiveness. Despite this, the synthesis of CaCO₃ particles with controlled size in the nanometer range via a scalable manufacturing method remains a major challenge. Here, by using a co-precipitation technique, we investigated the impact on the particle size of different synthesis parameters, such as the salt concentration, reaction time, stirring speed, and temperature. Among them, the salt concentration and temperature resulted in having a remarkable effect on the particle size, enabling the preparation of well-dispersed spherical nanoparticles with a size below 200 nm. Upon identification of optimized synthesis conditions, the encapsulation of the antitumoral agent resveratrol into CaCO₃ nanoparticles, without significantly impacting the overall size and morphology, has been successfully achieved.