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Updated: Sep 23, 2025
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A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
Published on: August 24, 2017
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Cognitive Training with Neurofeedback Using fNIRS Improves Cognitive Function in Older Adults
Bianca P Acevedo1, Novia Dattatri1, Jennifer Le1
1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Summary
This study found that a 4-week cognitive training program with neurofeedback (CT-NF) using ABC games improved memory and cognitive function in healthy older adults. Both training and control groups showed gains in processing speed and executive function.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
- Gerontology
Background:
- Cognitive decline is a concern in aging populations.
- Cognitive training and neurofeedback are potential interventions.
- App-based cognitive training offers accessible solutions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of a 4-week app-based cognitive training with neurofeedback (CT-NF) program.
- To compare an ABC games intervention group with a Tetris control group.
- To assess changes in cognitive functions and cortical brain activity.
Main Methods:
- 86 healthy adults (54-84 years) were randomized into treatment (ABC games) or control (Tetris) groups.
- Participants underwent a 4-week CT-NF intervention.
- Cognitive assessments and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) were used pre- and post-intervention.
Main Results:
- The ABC group showed significant improvements in memory (MEM), verbal memory (VBM), and composite cognitive function.
- Both groups improved in processing speed (PS) and executive function (EF).
- Cortical brain activity strength correlated with cognitive and game performance.
Conclusions:
- CT-NF, particularly with ABC exercises, enhances cognitive functions including MEM, VBM, PS, and EF in healthy older adults.
- The findings support the use of targeted cognitive training for cognitive enhancement.
- Neurofeedback may play a role in mediating cognitive improvements.
