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Updated: Sep 23, 2025

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
Published on: April 12, 2017
Front-Line Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Perspective on the Current Algorithm and Future Directions
Ameish Govindarajan1, Daniela V Castro1, Zeynep B Zengin1
1City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
Abstract:
Over the last decade, the treatment paradigm of metastatic renal cell carcinoma has rapidly evolved, with notable changes in the front-line setting. Combination therapies involving the use of either doublet therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors or combination VEGFR-directed therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved clinical outcomes, including prolonged overall survival and durable response to treatment. We aim to highlight the Food and Drug Administration-approved front-line therapy options, the navigation of treatment selection, and the future directions of metastatic renal cell carcinoma therapies.
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