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Cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training in the elderly.

A A Ehsani

    Federation Proceedings
    |April 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Endurance exercise training boosts maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in older adults by improving oxygen extraction and cardiac output. However, it doesn't reverse age-related declines in left ventricular function, suggesting a need for more intense training stimuli.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Gerontology
    • Exercise Science

    Background:

    • Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and left ventricular function decline with aging.
    • Endurance exercise training can increase VO2max in older adults.
    • Mechanisms include enhanced oxygen extraction and potentially higher cardiac output.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of endurance exercise training on VO2max and left ventricular function in the elderly.
    • To examine the cardiac adaptations, specifically cardiac output and left ventricular dimensions, in response to training in older individuals.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of studies on endurance exercise training in elderly populations.
    • Comparison of cardiovascular parameters (VO2max, cardiac output, heart rate, left ventricular dimensions) between trained and untrained older adults, and master athletes.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of potential mechanisms for improved VO2max and limitations in left ventricular functional improvements.

    • Main Results:

    • Endurance training increases VO2max in the elderly through enhanced O2 extraction and potentially higher cardiac output.
    • Training leads to lower heart rate and rate pressure product during submaximal exercise.
    • No significant improvement in left ventricular function was observed post-training in the elderly.
    • Master athletes show cardiac adaptations (volume-overload hypertrophy) similar to young athletes.

    Conclusions:

    • Exercise training enhances VO2max in older adults, but may not reverse age-related left ventricular dysfunction.
    • The lack of improvement in left ventricular function might stem from an insufficient training stimulus.
    • Further research is needed to determine optimal training protocols for cardiac adaptation in the elderly.