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Cyclic peptides and macrocycles are versatile synthetic receptors. This review details their evolution and how structural elements influence binding properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Synthetic receptors, including cyclic peptides and pseudopeptides, have been researched since the early days of supramolecular chemistry.
  • Initial research focused on synthetic ionophores using macrocycles with repeating subunits to link structure, conformation, and binding.
  • The incorporation of nonnatural amino acids expanded the structural diversity of these receptor systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the historical development of cyclic peptides and related macrocycles as synthetic receptors.
  • To classify these receptor systems based on their characteristic structural elements.
  • To correlate structural features with binding properties, highlighting the impact of natural and nonnatural amino acids.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of early and recent research on cyclic peptides and macrocycles as synthetic receptors.
  • Classification of systems based on structural motifs within the macrocyclic ring.
  • Analysis of structure-property relationships, focusing on the influence of amino acid composition.

Main Results:

  • Cyclic peptides and related macrocycles have evolved into a significant and structurally diverse family of synthetic receptors.
  • The review categorizes these receptors by key structural features along the ring.
  • Structure-binding property correlations are established, demonstrating the role of specific amino acids.

Conclusions:

  • Cyclic peptides and macrocycles represent a powerful platform for designing synthetic receptors with tunable binding properties.
  • Understanding the interplay between structure and function is crucial for developing advanced receptor systems.
  • The continued exploration of natural and nonnatural amino acids promises further innovation in this field.