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Related Concept Videos

Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

276
Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
276
Curing of Concrete01:20

Curing of Concrete

170
The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...
170
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete01:16

Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

570
The dynamic modulus of elasticity assesses how a concrete structure deforms under impact or dynamic loads. It is typically higher than the static modulus of elasticity, measured under slow, steady loading conditions.
The sonic test is a common method to determine the dynamic modulus. In this test, a concrete beam, sized either 6 x 6 x 30 inches or 4 x 4 x 20 inches, is clamped at its center. Vibrations are initiated at one end of the beam by an electromagnetic exciter unit powered by...
570
Curing Methods01:26

Curing Methods

123
Concrete members with a small surface-to-volume ratio are cured by oiling and moistening the forms before casting the concrete member. These forms can be left in place for a prolonged period to prevent moisture loss, and can be wetted if made of a material suitable for wetting. If the forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and covered with polythene sheets to maintain moisture. For large horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to dry weather, a temporary covering is suspended...
123

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing
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Curing Kinetics Modeling of Epoxy Modified by Fully Vulcanized Elastomer Nanoparticles Using Rheometry Method.

Mohammad Hossein Karami1,2, Mohammad Reza Kalaee1,2, Saeideh Mazinani3

  • 1Nanotechnology Research Centre, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran P.O. Box 19585-466, Iran.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated epoxy nanocomposites with ultra-fine full-vulcanized acrylonitrile butadiene rubber nanoparticles (UFNBRP). Adding UFNBRP decreased curing rate and activation energy, with the Sestak-Berggren model best fitting the kinetics.

Keywords:
chemorheologycuring kinetics modelelastomer nanoparticlesepoxy resingel timerheometer

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Epoxy resins are versatile thermosetting polymers widely used in adhesives, coatings, and composites.
  • Nanoparticles can enhance the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of epoxy matrices.
  • Controlling curing kinetics is crucial for optimizing epoxy composite performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the curing kinetics of epoxy nanocomposites incorporating ultra-fine full-vulcanized acrylonitrile butadiene rubber nanoparticles (UFNBRP).
  • To analyze the effect of UFNBRP concentration and curing temperature on rheological properties.
  • To model the curing kinetics using established models and determine the optimal UFNBRP content for property modification.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of epoxy resin/UFNBRP nanocomposites.
  • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for chemical structure confirmation.
  • Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for morphological analysis.
  • Rheological measurements under isothermal conditions to study curing behavior.
  • Curing kinetics modeling using the Sestak-Berggren model.

Main Results:

  • FTIR confirmed the successful incorporation of UFNBRP into the epoxy matrix.
  • FESEM and TEM revealed spherical UFNBRP with good dispersion in the epoxy resin.
  • Chemorheological analysis indicated a decrease in curing rate at the gel point with increasing UFNBRP concentration.
  • Incorporation of 0.5 wt.% UFNBRP significantly reduced the activation energy of the curing process.
  • The Sestak-Berggren autocatalytic model provided the best fit for the curing kinetics of the nanocomposites.

Conclusions:

  • Ultra-fine full-vulcanized acrylonitrile butadiene rubber nanoparticles (UFNBRP) can be successfully incorporated into epoxy resins.
  • UFNBRP influences epoxy curing kinetics, generally decreasing the rate and activation energy.
  • The optimal concentration for reduced activation energy was found to be 0.5 wt.% UFNBRP.
  • The Sestak-Berggren model accurately describes the curing kinetics of these epoxy nanocomposites.