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Accelerating olive (Olea europaea L.) breeding requires identifying superior genotypes early. This study evaluated juvenile period and fruit traits in 1568 genotypes, revealing "Askal" and "Barnea" as promising parents for shorter juvenile periods.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Horticulture
  • Plant Breeding
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The extended juvenile period in olive (Olea europaea L.) significantly hinders efficient cultivar selection in breeding programs.
  • Accurate selection criteria and pressure are crucial for identifying superior genotypes and understanding parental transmission of desirable traits, such as reduced juvenility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate juvenile period, vigor, fruit fresh weight, and oil content in a large olive genotype population.
  • To test different selection criteria and define optimal selection pressure for early-stage olive breeding.
  • To identify parents that transmit shorter juvenile periods to their offspring.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of 1568 olive genotypes from two open-pollinated populations (G07 and G14).
  • Measurement of juvenile period, vigor, fruit fresh weight, and oil content (dry weight basis).
  • Application of two selection index formulas (SI1 and SI2) to assess selection pressure and genotype selection rates.

Main Results:

  • Wide variation observed for all evaluated traits, with greater variability within progenies than between them.
  • "Askal" and "Barnea" cultivars showed potential for transmitting shorter juvenile periods.
  • Significant correlation between parent and progeny fruit fresh weight was observed (0.59 for G07, 0.95 for G14).
  • Selection indices SI1 and SI2 showed high coincidence, with applied selection pressures of 15% and 14%, respectively.
  • Considerable variability in selected genotype percentages across progenies, ranging from 0% to over 20%.

Conclusions:

  • Exploring genetic variability within germplasm collections is essential for optimal parent selection in olive breeding.
  • Selection criteria and pressure must be carefully defined to effectively identify superior genotypes early in breeding programs.
  • "Askal" and "Barnea" are identified as potential parents for reducing the juvenile period in olive breeding.