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Isolation of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells from Mouse Nasal Mucosa to Detect the Expression of CD226
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ILCs and Allergy.

Hiroki Kabata1,2, Yasutaka Motomura2,3,4, Tsuyoshi Kiniwa3

  • 1Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) suggests two allergy types: antigen-dependent (Th2 cells) and antigen-independent (ILC2s). New treatments targeting both are crucial for combating rising allergy incidence.

Keywords:
Allergic conjunctivitisAllergic rhinitisAsthmaAtopic dermatitisChronic rhinosinusitisContact hypersensitivityFood allergy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research

Background:

  • Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have recently revolutionized allergy research.
  • Th2 cells, basophils, and mast cells are traditionally implicated in allergic pathogenesis via antigen-dependent mechanisms.
  • Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) produce type 2 cytokines in response to environmental cues, suggesting a distinct allergic pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the evolving role of ILCs, particularly ILC2s, in allergic diseases.
  • To highlight the potential for antigen-independent allergic responses mediated by ILC2s.
  • To emphasize the need for novel therapeutic strategies targeting both Th2 cells and ILC2s.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on ILCs and allergic diseases.
  • Analysis of the distinct mechanisms of Th2 cell-dependent and ILC2-dependent allergies.
  • Discussion of cytokine production profiles of ILC2s.

Main Results:

  • ILC discovery has reshaped understanding of allergy pathogenesis.
  • Evidence suggests two distinct allergy types: antigen-dependent (Th2) and antigen-independent (ILC2).
  • ILC2s produce a range of type 2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13.

Conclusions:

  • ILC2s represent a significant factor in allergy development, potentially independent of antigen recognition.
  • Targeting ILC2s alongside traditional Th2 cell pathways is essential for effective allergy treatment.
  • Further research into ILCs is vital to address the global increase in allergic diseases.