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Psychological risk indicators for peri-implantitis: A cross-sectional study
Hans Strooker1,2, Yvonne Catharina Maria de Waal2, Miriam Margot Bildt2,3
1Zijlweg Dental, Haarlem, The Netherlands.
Aim:
The aim of this analytical cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between peri-implantitis and psychological distress, and potentially related/mediating factors such as general health, bruxism, and lifestyle factors.
Materials And Methods:
Patients who received dental implants at a private practice in the Netherlands between January 2011 and January 2014 were recalled on a 5-year clinical and radiographic follow-up examination. Presence of peri-implantitis was examined, and patients completed questionnaires measuring psychological distress (Symptom Checklist [SCL]-90), bruxism, general health, and lifestyle factors. Associations between the self-reported factors and peri-implantitis were analysed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.
Results:
A total of 230 patients (with 347 implants) were included in the analysis. Prevalence of (mild to severe) peri-implantitis was 30% (69 patients). Variables that showed a significant univariable association with peri-implantitis (p < .10) were the SCL-90 subdomain depression, smoking, current medical treatment, and lung problems. In the multivariate regression analysis, depression was the only variable that was significantly associated with peri-implantitis (p < .05).
Conclusions:
The presence of depressive symptoms is a risk indicator for peri-implantitis. Recognizing the potential negative impact of depressive symptoms may allow for better identification of high-risk patients.
