Psychological risk indicators for peri-implantitis: A cross-sectional study

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Periodontology
• Psychosomatic Medicine

Background:

• Peri-implantitis, an inflammatory condition affecting tissues around dental implants, poses a significant challenge in long-term implant success.
• Psychological distress and its potential impact on oral health outcomes, including peri-implantitis, require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between peri-implantitis and psychological distress.
• To explore potential mediating factors such as general health, bruxism, and lifestyle choices in this relationship.

Main Methods:

• An analytical cross-sectional study involving 230 patients with 347 dental implants.
• Clinical and radiographic follow-up at 5 years, with peri-implantitis assessment.
• Questionnaires for psychological distress (Symptom Checklist-90), bruxism, general health, and lifestyle factors.
• Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed.

Main Results:

• The prevalence of peri-implantitis was 30%.
• Univariable analysis indicated associations between peri-implantitis and depression, smoking, current medical treatment, and lung problems.
• Multivariate analysis identified depression as the sole significant predictor of peri-implantitis (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

• Depressive symptoms are identified as a significant risk indicator for peri-implantitis.
• Recognizing and addressing depressive symptoms may aid in identifying patients at elevated risk for peri-implantitis.
• This highlights the importance of a holistic approach in managing dental implant patients.