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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans
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Cross-frequency coupling in psychiatric disorders: A systematic review.

Boris Yakubov1, Sushmit Das1, Reza Zomorrodi2

  • 1Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|May 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) shows measurable differences in psychiatric disorders compared to healthy individuals. Standardized methods are needed to understand brain mechanisms in conditions like ADHD and schizophrenia.

Keywords:
Amplitude-amplitude couplingCross-frequency CouplingElectroencephalographyMagnetoencephalographyNeurophysiologyPhase-amplitude couplingPhase-frequency couplingPhase-phase couplingPsychiatric DisordersReviewSystematicTheta-gamma coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) is a critical measure of brain oscillatory coupling.
  • CFC is implicated in neuronal computation, learning, and communication.
  • Recent research highlights CFC's role in both healthy and diseased brain states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on CFC in psychiatric disorders.
  • To identify differences in CFC between patients with psychiatric disorders and healthy controls.
  • To assess the methodologies used in CFC research within this population.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search for studies using electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG).
  • Included studies examined CFC during resting-state and task-related activities.
  • Thirty-eight studies were identified across various psychiatric disorders.

Main Results:

  • Measurable differences in CFC were observed between individuals with psychiatric disorders and healthy controls.
  • Variability in CFC patterns was noted across different brain regions within the same disorders.
  • Significant heterogeneity in research methodologies was identified, potentially affecting analysis validity.

Conclusions:

  • CFC exhibits distinct patterns in psychiatric disorders versus healthy states.
  • Further research requires standardized methodologies to accurately investigate CFC's role in neuropathophysiology.
  • Understanding CFC mechanisms is crucial for advancing psychiatric disorder research.