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Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Wastewater Irrigation Impacts on Soil Hydraulic Conductivity: Coupled Field Sampling and Laboratory Determination of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
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Russian-Ukrainian war impacts the total environment.

Paulo Pereira1, Ferdo Bašić2, Igor Bogunovic3

  • 1Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.

The Science of the Total Environment
|May 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war is causing severe environmental damage, including air pollution, habitat destruction, and risks to nuclear sites. These impacts threaten ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health, with long-term consequences for environmental services.

Keywords:
BiodiversityEcosystem servicesEnvironmentRussian Ukrainian warSoilWater

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geopolitics
  • Ecology

Background:

  • The Russian-Ukrainian war has had significant global economic and geopolitical impacts.
  • Environmental consequences of the conflict have been largely overlooked due to the humanitarian crisis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the potential environmental impacts of the Russian-Ukrainian war on ecosystems and their services.
  • To highlight the overlooked environmental disaster unfolding due to intense warfare.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion paper synthesizing existing evidence and expert analysis.
  • Assessment of reported environmental incidents and potential risks.

Main Results:

  • Evidence of severe air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from fighting.
  • Increased risk of radiation leaks near Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant and Chernobyl.
  • Biodiversity loss due to deforestation and habitat destruction.
  • Soil degradation and landscape alteration from bombing and excavations.
  • Potential contamination of water resources and disruption of water quality.
  • Damage to ecosystem services including climate regulation and food production.
  • Negative impacts on human health due to contamination and degraded sanitary conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The ongoing conflict is causing widespread environmental damage with potentially catastrophic and long-lasting effects.
  • Urgent attention is needed to assess and mitigate the environmental disaster caused by the war.
  • Uncertainty remains high, but the overall environmental impact is expected to be dramatic.