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Researchers set new limits on dark matter-proton interactions using the Lyman-alpha forest. This study improves cosmological bounds on dark matter properties, complementing direct detection experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Particle Physics
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • Dark matter (DM) interactions are key to understanding its nature.
  • Direct detection experiments have limitations for sub-GeV dark matter.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the strongest limits on the velocity-independent dark matter-proton cross section (σ).
  • To probe dark matter properties using cosmological data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing large-scale structure from the Lyman-alpha forest.
  • Employing an emulator of cosmological simulations.
  • Analyzing data from the smallest cosmological scales to date.

Main Results:

  • Setting new, stringent limits on the dark matter-proton cross section (σ) for DM masses from 10 keV to 100 GeV.
  • Achieving a 95% lower limit of σ < 6x10⁻³⁰ cm² for m = 100 keV.
  • Improving cosmological bounds by up to a factor of 25.

Conclusions:

  • Cosmological observations provide powerful constraints on dark matter properties.
  • This method complements direct detection, especially for low-mass dark matter.