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We found a strong supercurrent diode effect in two-dimensional Rashba superconductors, persisting even with disorder. This effect, driven by a helical superconducting state, shows significant nonreciprocity and can change sign with magnetic field and disorder.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Superconductivity
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • The supercurrent diode effect, or nonreciprocal current transport, is crucial for future superconducting electronics.
  • Rashba superconductors, with broken inversion and time-reversal symmetries, offer a promising platform for realizing this effect.
  • Understanding the impact of disorder on this phenomenon is essential for practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate the nonreciprocal critical current in two-dimensional Rashba superconductors.
  • To quantify the supercurrent diode effect under arbitrary disorder conditions.
  • To investigate the influence of disorder and magnetic fields on the helical superconducting state and diode effect.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the quasiclassical Eilenberger equation for theoretical calculations.
  • Analyzing the emergence of the helical superconducting state.
  • Simulating the system with varying levels of disorder, temperature, magnetic fields, and spin-orbit coupling.

Main Results:

  • A very strong supercurrent diode effect was observed in the absence of disorder, with nonreciprocity exceeding 40% under optimal conditions.
  • The supercurrent diode effect persists even in the presence of strong disorder.
  • The sign of the diode effect was shown to change with increasing magnetic field and disorder, correlating with alterations in the helical state.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the feasibility of a significant supercurrent diode effect in disordered two-dimensional Rashba superconductors.
  • The findings highlight the tunability of the diode effect's sign and magnitude through external parameters and disorder.
  • This work provides a theoretical foundation for designing superconducting devices with enhanced nonreciprocal transport properties.