Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

12.7K
Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
12.7K
Chirality02:25

Chirality

25.8K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
25.8K
Continuous Charge Distributions01:17

Continuous Charge Distributions

7.3K
Imagine a bucket of water. It contains many molecules, of the order of 1026 molecules. Thus, although it contains discrete elements (molecules) at the microscopic level, macroscopically, it can be considered continuous. Small volume elements of water, infinitesimal compared to the bulk of the bucket's volume, still contain many molecules. Under this framework, quantized matter is approximated as continuous for practical purposes.
The electric charge can also be subjected to an analogical...
7.3K
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

6.0K
Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
6.0K
Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges01:30

Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges

6.4K
Atoms generally contain the same number of positively and negatively charged particles, protons, and electrons. Hence, they are electrically neutral. However, the centers of the positive and negative charges do not always coincide. In such a scenario, the electric field of an atom may not be zero.
A separation of the positive and negative charges can lead to a weak, remnant effect of the positive and negative charges. The expectation is that the more the distance between the positive and...
6.4K
Formal Charges02:42

Formal Charges

34.1K
In some cases, there are seemingly more than one valid Lewis structures for molecules and polyatomic ions. The concept of formal charges can be used to help predict the most appropriate Lewis structure when more than one reasonable structure exists.
34.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pathogenesis of Neovascular Glaucoma in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review.

Journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Epigenetic dysregulation in osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a critical review of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and clinical translation.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Preparation of colon-targeted pellets loaded with filgotinib/berberine hydrochloride and Their application in ulcerative colitis therapy" [International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X 2025 (10) 100415].

International journal of pharmaceutics: X·2026
Same author

Phosphoryl-Engineered MOFs Promote Interfacial Reconstruction for Efficient Seawater Ethanol Electrooxidation.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

An Interpretable Deep Learning Framework Leveraging RNA Foundation Model and Capsule Networks for Accurate Prediction of RNA 2'-O-Methylation Sites.

Journal of chemical information and modeling·2026
Same author

DMSO Protects Against Radiation-Induced Ovarian Injury by Preserving Mitochondrial Function and Alleviating DNA Damage.

Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society·2026
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
08:54

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Published on: January 25, 2020

5.7K

Chiral Central Charge from a Single Bulk Wave Function.

Isaac H Kim1,2, Bowen Shi3, Kohtaro Kato4,5

  • 1Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, Davis 95616, California, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A topological energy current exists at the edge of gapped quantum many-body systems. Its magnitude depends on temperature and the chiral central charge, calculable from the bulk ground state wave function.

More Related Videos

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
08:51

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Published on: August 18, 2017

10.5K
Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids
08:04

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids

Published on: May 27, 2020

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
08:54

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Published on: January 25, 2020

5.7K
Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
08:51

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Published on: August 18, 2017

10.5K
Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids
08:04

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids

Published on: May 27, 2020

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum many-body systems
  • Topological phases of matter

Background:

  • Gapped quantum many-body systems in (2+1) dimensions can exhibit topologically protected edge phenomena.
  • The edge energy current is influenced by temperature and the chiral central charge.
  • The chiral central charge is a key quantity in the effective field theory of the edge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive a formula for the chiral central charge.
  • To relate the chiral central charge to the many-body ground state wave function in the bulk.
  • To investigate the implications of a nonzero chiral central charge on the ground state wave function.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of a formula for the chiral central charge.
  • Analysis of the many-body ground state wave function.
  • Investigation of topological properties of quantum systems.

Main Results:

  • A formula for the chiral central charge is derived, determined by the bulk ground state wave function.
  • The derived formula establishes a connection between bulk properties and edge phenomena.
  • A nonzero chiral central charge leads to a topological obstruction, preventing a real-valued ground state wave function in local product bases.

Conclusions:

  • The chiral central charge can be computed from the bulk ground state wave function.
  • The presence of a nonzero chiral central charge has profound implications for the nature of the ground state wave function.
  • This work provides a new perspective on understanding topological phases and their characterization.