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Changes in clinical features of food-related anaphylaxis in children during 5 years

Chikako Motomura1, Koki Okabe1, Hiroshi Matsuzaki1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka National Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

Asia Pacific Allergy
|May 16, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Adrenaline auto-injector (AAI) use and exercise-triggered anaphylaxis in children have increased. Education for caregivers and professionals is crucial for managing food allergies and anaphylaxis effectively.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Adrenaline auto-injectors (AAIs) are recommended but underprescribed and underused for prehospital anaphylaxis management.
  • Food-related anaphylaxis remains a significant concern in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding trends in clinical features and management is vital for improving outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in the clinical presentation and prehospital management of food-related anaphylaxis in children between 2013 and 2018.
  • To identify shifts in causative foods, triggers, and the utilization of emergency interventions.
  • To assess the impact of prehospital adrenaline administration on in-hospital treatment needs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective comparison of pediatric patients hospitalized for food-related anaphylaxis in 2013 and 2018.
  • Review of medical records for details on causative foods, triggers, location, AAI prescription/use, and treatment.
  • Statistical analysis to identify significant differences between the two patient cohorts.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in age, gender, or common causative foods (cow's milk, wheat, egg) were observed.
  • Anaphylaxis incidence shifted from home to nurseries and schools; exercise emerged as a more frequent trigger.
  • Increased AAI administration by laypersons/patients and ambulance transport were noted, with prehospital adrenaline reducing in-hospital needs.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of food-related anaphylaxis triggered by exercise and the use of AAIs have notably increased.
  • Enhanced awareness and education for caregivers, patients, teachers, and healthcare professionals are essential for optimal anaphylaxis management.
  • These findings underscore the need for improved strategies in anaphylaxis prevention and emergency response.
Abstract

Keywords:
Adrenaline auto-injectorFood allergiesFood-related anaphylaxisPediatric patientsPrehospital management

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