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Breast implant illness (BII) involves autoimmune symptoms potentially linked to bacterial biofilms. Explantation alleviates symptoms in over half of patients, suggesting a connection between implants and systemic illness.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Breast implants are used for reconstruction, augmentation, and gender affirmation.
  • Breast implant illness (BII) is a systemic condition with autoimmune symptoms like fatigue and depression.
  • The etiology of BII remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize autoimmune disorders associated with BII.
  • To identify potential causes for BII.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, and OVID (2010-2020).
  • Search terms included "implants," "breast implant illness," "autoimmune," and "systemic illness."

Main Results:

  • BII encompasses autoimmune symptoms like fatigue, joint pain, dry eyes/mouth, and rash.
  • Epidemiological studies show an association between breast implants and autoimmune diseases (e.g., Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis).
  • Symptom alleviation in over 50% of patients post-explantation supports the BII-implant link; bacterial biofilm is a potential factor.

Conclusions:

  • BII may be linked to biofilm infections and the implant microenvironment.
  • Further research into BII pathophysiology is needed for non-explantation treatments.
  • Findings have implications for various implantable devices.