Lactate Is Answerable for Brain Function and Treating Brain Diseases: Energy Substrates and Signal Molecule

Area of Science:

• Neurobiology
• Metabolism
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Lactate's role in brain function and disease is increasingly recognized.
• Metabolic mechanisms and neurobiological functions of lactate are being elucidated.
• Existing research presents novel insights but also notable controversies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a theoretical framework on lactate's relevance to brain function and diseases.
• To review lactate's sources, metabolic regulation, and effects on brain function.
• To explore lactate's application and concentration variations in brain diseases.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
• Analysis of lactate's formation, transport, and signaling pathways.
• Examination of lactate's involvement in neurological conditions.

Main Results:

• Lactate influences multiple brain functions and is implicated in various brain diseases.
• Specific brain diseases discussed include diabetic encephalopathy, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and epilepsy.
• Lactate exhibits a dual role in the brain, with L-lactate being particularly significant.

Conclusions:

• Lactate is a key molecule in brain function and pathology.
• Understanding lactate's metabolic pathways is crucial for neurological research.
• Further investigation into lactate's dual role can enhance therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.