Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

716
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
716
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

74.5K
Overview
74.5K
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

31.6K
Overview
31.6K
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

698
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
698
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

1.2K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
1.2K
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

646
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
646

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Murine autoantigen-specific type 1 regulatory T cells promote oligodendrogenesis through amphiregulin-EGFR signaling.

Science translational medicine·2026
Same author

First exposure to SARS-CoV-2 shapes IgG subclass switching after mRNA vaccination.

Communications medicine·2026
Same author

Islet-derived T cells from both mice and humans recognize conserved insulin A-chain peptides presented by HLA-C*03:04.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same author

Primary SARS-CoV-2 exposure by vaccination or infection shapes immune responses to omicron variants among a Spanish cohort.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Correction: Maternal and neonatal immune response to SARS-CoV-2, IgG transplacental transfer and cytokine profile.

Frontiers in immunology·2025
Same author

Contextual regulation of T follicular helper cell expansion and differentiation into T regulatory type 1 cells by multiple transcription factors.

Cell reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

24.6K

Gut Microbial Antigenic Mimicry in Autoimmunity.

Nahir Garabatos1, Pere Santamaria1,2,3

  • 1Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.

Frontiers in Immunology
|May 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The gut microbiota influences immune system development and function. Its altered composition is linked to autoimmune diseases like IBD and MS through mechanisms such as antigenic mimicry.

Keywords:
autoimmune diseaseautoreactive T-cell responsesdysbiosisgut microbial homeostasisgut microbial metabolitesgut microbiotaimmunoregulationmolecular mimicry

More Related Videos

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

7.2K
Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies
10:16

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies

Published on: September 15, 2016

12.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

24.6K
Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

7.2K
Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies
10:16

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies

Published on: September 15, 2016

12.9K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • The gut microbiota is crucial for immune system homeostasis.
  • Microbial composition is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
  • Dysbiosis is implicated in various autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the association between gut microbiota alterations and autoimmune diseases.
  • To highlight the role of antigenic mimicry in autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating gut microbiota and autoimmune diseases.
  • Focus on mechanisms involving T cell cross-recognition and homeostasis.
  • Emphasis on antigenic mimicry as a key factor.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbiota alterations can promote or suppress autoimmune disease development.
  • Mechanisms include cross-recognition of microbial antigens by autoreactive T cells.
  • Microbe-driven changes in T cell activation and regulation are implicated.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota significantly impacts autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
  • Antigenic mimicry is a critical mechanism linking gut microbes to autoimmunity.
  • Further research is needed to understand these complex interactions.