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Related Concept Videos

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
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Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
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SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
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Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

Coat Assembly and GTPases

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Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
Coat assembly depends on the local availability of phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs and GTP-binding proteins. Adaptor proteins, which link the coat proteins to the membrane, bind to these PIPs and play a crucial role in controlling...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Quantifying the Heterogeneous Distribution of a Synaptic Protein in the Mouse Brain Using Immunofluorescence
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Quantifying the Heterogeneous Distribution of a Synaptic Protein in the Mouse Brain Using Immunofluorescence

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Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A: Features and Functions.

Rachele Rossi1,2, Shokouh Arjmand1, Simone Larsen Bærentzen1,2

  • 1Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|May 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) PET imaging offers insights into synaptic density. Further research is needed to fully understand SV2A

Keywords:
UCB-Jlevetiracetamneuroimagingpositron emission tomography (PET)synaptic densitysynaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A)synaptic vesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Molecular Neuroscience
  • Radiochemistry

Background:

  • Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) is a key protein in synaptic terminals, crucial for regulating neurotransmitter release.
  • Its ubiquitous expression in gray matter makes SV2A a potential marker for synaptic density.
  • Radioligands targeting SV2A enable in vivo assessment of synaptic density via Positron Emission Tomography (PET).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on SV2A protein.
  • To discuss uncertainties in SV2A biology and physiology.
  • To highlight the implications for neuroimaging interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on SV2A.
  • Analysis of radioligand development for SV2A PET imaging.
  • Discussion of biological and physiological aspects of SV2A.

Main Results:

  • SV2A PET tracers allow in vivo evaluation of SV2A distribution, a potential measure of synaptic density.
  • SV2A's precise biological function and expression properties remain incompletely understood.
  • Observed associations suggest SV2A may relate more strongly to GABAergic than glutamatergic synapses in certain brain regions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding SV2A's complex biology is crucial for accurate interpretation of neuroimaging data.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate SV2A's role in different neurotransmission systems.
  • This knowledge will enhance the utility of SV2A PET imaging in physiological and pathological conditions.