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When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
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Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
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Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.
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Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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The Pomegranate Deciduous Trait Is Genetically Controlled by a PgPolyQ-MADS Gene.

Rotem Harel-Beja1, Ron Ophir2, Amir Sherman2

  • 1Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - The Volcani Center, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishai, Israel.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|May 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A unique MADS transcription factor, PgPolyQ-MADS, controls the evergreen trait in pomegranates. This gene

Keywords:
Punica granatumdormancyevergreengenetic-mappoly-glutaminethermo-sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Molecular biology
  • Environmental sensing

Background:

  • Pomegranates exhibit deciduous and evergreen traits, impacting fruit production and environmental response.
  • Evergreen variants show unique responses to temperature changes, ceasing growth below 10°C and resuming budding rapidly as temperatures rise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the genetic basis of the evergreen/deciduous phenotype in pomegranates.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms plants use to sense and respond to environmental cues.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of segregating populations and high-resolution genetic mapping.
  • Fine mapping using advanced F3 and F4 generations combined with pomegranate genome data.
  • Analysis of gene function through ectopic expression in Arabidopsis.

Main Results:

  • The evergreen/deciduous trait is controlled by a single major gene on linkage group 3.
  • A unique MADS transcription factor, PgPolyQ-MADS, was identified as responsible for the evergreen trait.
  • Ectopic expression of PgPolyQ-MADS in Arabidopsis induced dwarfism and early flowering, suggesting a conserved role in plant development.

Conclusions:

  • PgPolyQ-MADS, with a polyglutamine (polyQ) domain, acts as a key regulator of the evergreen trait in pomegranates.
  • A specific mutation in the polyQ domain of PgPolyQ-MADS is present in evergreen varieties, potentially linked to thermo-sensing.
  • Understanding this trait enhances knowledge of plant environmental response and aids in developing climate-resilient cultivars.