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Transfer RNA-Derived Small RNAs: Novel Regulators and Biomarkers of Cancers

Bi-Fei Fu1, Chao-Yang Xu1

  • 1Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China.

Frontiers in Oncology
|May 16, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are key non-coding RNAs involved in cancer. This review explores their role in tumors and potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with lengths of 18–40 nucleotides.
  • tsRNAs are increasingly recognized for their significant roles in various human diseases, particularly cancers.
  • Dysregulation of tsRNAs has been observed in tumor tissues and serum of cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the specific characteristics and biological functions of tsRNAs.
  • To focus on the impact of tsRNAs on various types of tumors.
  • To discuss the potential of tsRNAs as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on tsRNAs and their roles in cancer.
  • Analysis of high-throughput sequencing data implicating tsRNA dysregulation in tumors.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge regarding tsRNA functions in cancer hallmarks, tumor microenvironment, and drug resistance.

Main Results:

  • tsRNAs are implicated in regulating key cancer hallmarks.
  • tsRNAs influence the tumor microenvironment and modulate cancer drug resistance.
  • Evidence suggests tsRNAs are promising candidates for cancer biomarker development.

Conclusions:

  • tsRNAs possess diverse biological functions relevant to cancer progression.
  • The dysregulation and functional roles of tsRNAs highlight their significance in oncology.
  • tsRNAs show considerable promise as novel biomarkers for early cancer detection and patient prognosis.
Keywords:
biomarkercarcinogenesisdiagnosishuman carcinomatsRNAs

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