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COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: manifestations, pathophysiology, vaccination, and long-term implication

Adel Abdel Moneim1, Marwa A Radwan1, Ahmed I Yousef1

  • 1Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.

Current Medical Research and Opinion
|May 16, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, affects multiple organs, including the heart. This review examines cardiovascular issues, their causes, and vaccine side effects.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents with diverse clinical manifestations beyond pulmonary symptoms.
  • Cardiovascular pathologies such as myocarditis, myocardial infarction, thromboembolism, and arrhythmias are frequently observed in COVID-19 patients.
  • Pathophysiological mechanisms include systemic inflammation, coagulopathy, direct viral effects, hypoxemia, and fever.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted cardiovascular involvement during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To elucidate the clinical features, pathogenesis, and long-term sequelae of COVID-19 related cardiovascular events.
  • To analyze adverse effects associated with COVID-19 treatments and vaccines on the cardiovascular system.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent evidence on COVID-19 and cardiovascular manifestations.
  • Synthesis of data concerning clinical presentations, underlying mechanisms, and outcomes.
  • Examination of case reports and studies on vaccine-related cardiovascular adverse events.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 is associated with a wide spectrum of cardiovascular conditions.
  • Multiple factors contribute to COVID-19-induced cardiovascular pathology.
  • Reports indicate potential cardiovascular adverse events following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cardiovascular involvement is critical for managing COVID-19.
  • Further research is needed on the long-term cardiovascular impact of COVID-19 and vaccines.
  • Comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular risks and benefits of vaccines is essential.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2SARS-CoV-2 vaccinescardiac manifestationspathophysiology

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