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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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Red-Light-Induced, Copper-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization.

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|May 16, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new red-light-activated system for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This dual photoredox catalytic system avoids UV light and functions even in the presence of oxygen.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Photochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Photochemical atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) typically requires UV light, posing limitations.
  • Activation of copper catalysts in photoATRP often relies on UV light sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel dual photoredox catalytic system for photoinduced ATRP under red-light irradiation.
  • To overcome the limitations associated with UV light in photoATRP systems.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a dual catalytic system combining a copper (Cu) catalyst with a photocatalyst (zinc(II) tetraphenylporphine or zinc(II) phthalocyanine).
  • Utilized red-light irradiation to activate the photocatalyst and generate the Cu(I) activator species.
  • Investigated the polymerization process under ambient conditions to assess oxygen tolerance.

Main Results:

  • Successfully mediated photoinduced ATRP using red light, circumventing the need for UV light.
  • Demonstrated oxygen tolerance in the polymerization process, attributed to oxygen consumption in the photoredox reactions.
  • Achieved well-controlled polymerizations without requiring deoxygenation procedures.

Conclusions:

  • The developed dual photoredox catalytic system enables efficient and controlled photoATRP under red-light irradiation.
  • This red-light-mediated system offers a practical alternative to UV-dependent methods and exhibits inherent oxygen tolerance.
  • The findings pave the way for more versatile and accessible photoATRP applications.