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Cancer vaccines: past, present and future; a review article

Eddie Grimmett1, Bayan Al-Share2, Mohamad Basem Alkassab1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.

Discover Oncology
|May 16, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Cancer vaccines, a form of immunotherapy, face challenges like tumor heterogeneity but are advancing rapidly. Lessons from COVID-19 vaccines are boosting interest in developing effective novel cancer vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Vaccines have long been used for infectious disease prevention.
  • Cancer vaccines, as therapeutic immunotherapy agents, are less common than preventative vaccines.
  • Challenges include tumor heterogeneity, antigen identification, and delivery platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development of cancer vaccines.
  • To discuss the current state of cancer vaccine research and development.
  • To explore the future prospects and potential of cancer vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on cancer vaccines.
  • Analysis of challenges and recent advancements in cancer vaccine development.
  • Examination of lessons learned from other vaccine technologies, such as COVID-19 vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Few cancer vaccines are approved, though some target infectious agents linked to cancer.
  • Significant progress has been made in addressing key challenges in cancer vaccine development.
  • Recent advances and insights from other vaccine fields are revitalizing interest in cancer vaccines.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer vaccine development is a complex but rapidly evolving field.
  • Overcoming challenges in antigen identification and delivery is crucial for future success.
  • The future holds promise for novel and effective cancer vaccines, informed by past experiences and recent breakthroughs.

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