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Updated: Sep 23, 2025

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Phthalates removal from wastewater by different methods - a review.

I Becky Miriyam1, K Anbalagan1, M Magesh Kumar1

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Phthalate esters, endocrine disruptors found in water, pose health risks. This review explores energy-efficient removal technologies like adsorption and photocatalysis for environmental remediation.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Phthalate esters are widely used plasticizers in consumer products, leading to their environmental ubiquity.
  • These compounds leach into aquatic environments, including surface water, groundwater, drinking water, and wastewater.
  • Phthalates are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) linked to adverse reproductive and developmental effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze existing technologies for the removal and degradation of phthalates from the environment.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and propose future research directions for effective phthalate remediation.
  • To highlight the importance of developing energy-efficient treatment methods.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific papers on phthalate treatment technologies and degradation mechanisms.
  • Analysis of commonly employed techniques such as adsorption, electrochemical methods, photocatalysis, membrane filtration, and microbial degradation.
  • Evaluation of the prevalence and effectiveness of different removal strategies.

Main Results:

  • Phthalates are detected across various aquatic systems due to their widespread use and leaching properties.
  • Adsorption and photocatalysis are identified as the most frequently utilized methods for phthalate removal in existing literature.
  • The study synthesizes information on diverse treatment mechanisms and their efficiencies.

Conclusions:

  • Effective and energy-efficient technologies are crucial for mitigating the environmental and health impacts of phthalates.
  • Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps in phthalate degradation and removal.
  • Adsorption and photocatalysis show significant promise for phthalate remediation, warranting continued investigation and optimization.