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Disentangling performance-monitoring signals encoded in feedback-related EEG dynamics.

Franziska Kirsch1, Hans Kirschner1, Adrian G Fischer2

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Summary

This study clarifies the feedback-related negativity (FRN) brain signal, showing it reflects signed reward prediction errors (RPE) and is influenced by feedback valence and surprise. Surprising positive feedback also impacts the P3 brainwave component.

Keywords:
EEGFRNFeedback processingP3Performance monitoringReward prediction error (RPE)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • The feedback-related negativity (FRN) is a key electrophysiological signal linked to processing feedback.
  • Ongoing debate exists regarding whether FRN reflects reward prediction errors (RPE), feedback valence, or surprise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To disentangle the independent contributions of valence, surprise, and RPE on electrophysiological signals (FRN and P3).
  • To investigate these factors using a large sample of healthy individuals performing a modified time-estimation task.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) recorded from 64 scalp electrodes in 992 healthy participants.
  • Participants completed a modified time-estimation task involving feedback.
  • Statistical analysis to isolate effects of valence, surprise, and RPE on FRN and P3 components.

Main Results:

  • FRN amplitudes were larger for negative feedback, indicating valence coding.
  • FRN was modulated by surprise in a valence-dependent manner, with surprising positive outcomes yielding a more positive-going FRN.
  • The P3 component was strongly driven by both global and local surprise, showing larger amplitudes for unexpected feedback.

Conclusions:

  • Results support the FRN as a representation of signed RPE.
  • Surprising positive feedback enhances the EEG response in the P3 time window.
  • Findings align with previous research linking P3 to prediction error evaluation in decision-making and learning.