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Area of Science:

  • Dental Biology
  • Immunology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Dental pulp fibroblasts (DPFs) are the primary cells in dental pulp.
  • DPFs are often underestimated, with their roles limited to tissue maintenance and repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of DPFs in dental pulp.
  • To highlight DPFs' involvement beyond simple tissue repair.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed and Scopus databases.
  • Keywords included: "pulp fibroblast," "complement system proteins," "pulp inflammation," "angiogenesis," and "dentin pulp regeneration."

Main Results:

  • DPFs produce complement proteins crucial for defense, inflammation control, and regeneration.
  • DPFs are involved in immunoregulatory mechanisms via cytokines, chemokines, and pattern-recognition receptors.
  • DPFs secrete angiogenic and neurotrophic factors, regulate neurogenic inflammation, and sense their environment.

Conclusions:

  • DPFs are dynamic cells with significant roles in pulp biology.
  • This review provides an integrative analysis of DPF functions in defense, regeneration, and neuro-immune interactions.