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Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Methodologies and Advancements of Chronic Pain Management Research
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Is Chronic Pain a Disease?

Jane C Ballantyne1, Mark D Sullivan2

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The Journal of Pain
|May 16, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic pain is increasingly viewed as a disease, but this perspective may hinder patient recovery. A broader societal approach focusing on patient involvement is crucial for managing chronic pain effectively.

Keywords:
Chronic primary painbraincentral sensitizationdiseaseperception

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Area of Science:

  • Pain research
  • Medical humanities
  • Clinical psychology

Background:

  • Historically, pain was treated as a symptom, not a disease.
  • The 20th century saw a shift towards classifying pain, especially chronic pain, as a distinct disease entity.
  • This reclassification aims to legitimize chronic pain as a clinical and research problem.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the implications of classifying chronic pain as a disease.
  • To evaluate whether this designation aids or hinders patient treatment and recovery.
  • To question the utility of a disease-centric model for chronic pain management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical analysis of the disease concept in relation to chronic pain.
  • Examination of the International Classification of Diseases 11 (ICD-11) designation of chronic primary pain.
  • Discussion of the impact of disease classification on patient engagement and healthcare approaches.

Main Results:

  • Classifying chronic pain as a disease may overemphasize medical interventions.
  • This approach can potentially reduce patient participation in their own recovery process.
  • Chronic primary pain is recognized as a distinct diagnosis, but its nature as a learned state is highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • While chronic pain can have disease-like characteristics, a disease-only focus may not be optimal.
  • A broader, societal approach emphasizing patient involvement is essential for effective chronic pain management.
  • Rethinking the disease paradigm could foster greater patient engagement and more holistic recovery strategies.