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Hematological changes associated with marathon running.

R J Davidson, J D Robertson, G Galea

    International Journal of Sports Medicine
    |February 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Marathon running significantly alters blood counts, causing neutrophilia and thrombocytosis post-race. Unexpected sex differences in packed cell volume (PCV) were observed, with males showing an increase and females a decrease.

    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Hematology
    • Exercise Physiology

    Background:

    • Marathon running induces physiological stress.
    • Hematological parameters can be affected by endurance exercise.
    • Understanding these changes is crucial for athlete health and performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate hematological changes in runners before and after a marathon.
    • To identify sex-specific responses to marathon running.
    • To analyze serial changes in blood parameters in the 24 hours post-race.

    Main Methods:

    • Coulter profiling and differential white cell counts were performed.
    • Serum ferritin and haptoglobin levels were measured.
    • Blood samples were collected pre-race, post-race, and serially for 24 hours in male runners.

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    Main Results:

    • Post-race samples showed reactive neutrophilia and thrombocytosis in all runners.
    • A significant sex difference in packed cell volume (PCV) response was observed: males increased, females decreased.
    • Hypoferritinemia and anhaptoglobinemia were noted in some runners post-race.

    Conclusions:

    • Marathon running causes significant, temporary hematological alterations, including neutrophilia and thrombocytosis.
    • Distinct sex-based differences in PCV response warrant further investigation.
    • Post-race hematological profiles return to baseline within 24 hours in male runners.