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Associations of sleep problems with asthma and allergic rhinitis among Chinese preschoolers

Ying Ma1, Jie Tang2, Yuqi Wen3

  • 1Department of Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9th Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510623, China. tianshidan918@163.com.

Scientific Reports
|May 16, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Frequent nocturnal awakenings in preschoolers are linked to asthma and allergic rhinitis. This sleep problem, not short sleep duration or late bedtimes, showed a significant association in the study.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Sleep problems are common in preschoolers and may impact chronic respiratory conditions.
  • Asthma and allergic rhinitis are prevalent in early childhood, affecting quality of life.
  • Understanding the relationship between sleep disturbances and these conditions is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between specific sleep problems (short sleep duration, late bedtime, frequent nocturnal awakenings) and the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Chinese preschoolers.
  • To explore potential gender differences in these associations.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 4876 children aged 3-6 years from kindergartens in Guangzhou, China.
  • Validated questionnaires were used to assess asthma, allergic rhinitis, and sleep problems, including short sleep duration, late bedtime, and frequent nocturnal awakenings.
  • Binary logistic regression models were utilized to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations.

Main Results:

  • Frequent nocturnal awakenings were significantly associated with both asthma (adjusted OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.05-2.13) and allergic rhinitis (adjusted OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.27-1.99).
  • No significant associations were found between short sleep duration or late bedtime and asthma or allergic rhinitis.
  • Subgroup analysis indicated that the association between frequent nocturnal awakenings and asthma was stronger in girls compared to boys, while similar associations were observed for allergic rhinitis in both genders.

Conclusions:

  • Frequent nocturnal awakenings are associated with increased odds of asthma and allergic rhinitis in preschoolers.
  • The link between frequent nocturnal awakenings and asthma appears to be moderated by gender.
  • Further research is needed to establish a causal relationship between nocturnal awakenings and these pediatric respiratory conditions.

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