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An objective assessment for bone drilling: A pilot study on vertical drilling.

Aman Nigam1, Ronak R Mohanty1, James F Kellam2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
|May 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Expert surgeons train faster and more consistently than novices in bone drilling. A new quantitative assessment scheme using motion and force data can improve surgical training for residents.

Keywords:
assessment techniquesbone drillingdrilling forceovershootsurgical training simulator

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Surgical Simulation
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Surgical training relies on traditional methods, often lacking objective skill assessment.
  • Developing quantitative metrics is crucial for effective surgical skill acquisition and feedback.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a quantitative assessment scheme for surgical bone drilling training.
  • To differentiate skill levels between expert surgeons and novice residents using motion and force data.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 3D motion and force data from expert (n=3) and novice (n=6) surgeons.
  • Utilized 3D printed bone simulants of young bone (YB) and osteoporotic bone (OB).
  • Measured drilling overshoot, time, and applied force during the procedures.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in overshoot between experts and novices (p > 0.215).
  • Experts demonstrated significantly faster drilling times (mean 4.01s vs 9.98s, p < 0.003).
  • Experts exhibited greater consistency and employed distinct force application strategies (higher initial, lower secondary cortical force).

Conclusions:

  • Motion and force data effectively distinguish skill gaps in bone drilling.
  • The proposed quantitative scheme provides objective feedback for surgical training.
  • This data-driven approach can enhance novice resident preparedness for clinical practice.