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Author Spotlight: Assessing the Cardiovascular Profile of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Published on: September 27, 2024
Impact of Metabolic Risk Factors on COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes: An Extensive Review
Rafael B Azevedo1, Débora C R Wandermurem1, Flávia C F Libório1
1Medicine Course, IDOMED - Universidade Estácio de Sá - Campus Presidente Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Insights
Cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes and obesity are linked to severe COVID-19 outcomes. These conditions promote inflammation, worsening the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and increasing risks.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Metabolic Syndrome
Background:
- Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, especially cardiometabolic ones, are associated with increased severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
- Patients with critical COVID-19 often exhibit immune dysregulation, inflammation, and a prothrombotic state.
Conclusions:
- Diabetes mellitus and obesity are significant risk factors for severe COVID-19.
- Excess visceral adipose tissue may augment COVID-19 immune hyperactivity, leading to adverse clinical outcomes.
Background:
Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, particularly cardiometabolic, seem to be associated with heightened severity and increased morbimortality in patients infected with the novel Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).
Methods:
A thorough scoping review was conducted to elucidate and summarize the latest evidence for the effects of adverse cardiac metabolic profiles on the severity, morbidity, and prognosis of COVID-19 infection.
Results:
The pathophysiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is complex, being characterized by viral-induced immune dysregulation and hypercytokinemia, particularly in patients with critical disease, evolving with profound endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and prothrombotic state. Moreover, cardiovascular comorbidities such as diabetes are the most prevalent amongst individuals requiring hospitalization, raising concerns towards the clinical evolution and prognosis of these patients. The chronic proinflammatory state observed in patients with cardiovascular risk factors may contribute to the immune dysregulation mediated by SARS-CoV-2, favoring more adverse clinical outcomes and increased severity. Cardiometabolism is defined as a combination of interrelated risk factors and metabolic dysfunctions such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and central adiposity, which increase the likelihood of vascular events, being imperative to specifically analyze its clinical association with COVID-19 outcomes.
Conclusion:
DM and obesity appears to be important risk factors for severe COVID-19. The chronic proinflammatory state observed in patients with excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) possibly augments COVID-19 immune hyperactivity leading to more adverse clinical outcomes in these patients.
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