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Related Concept Videos

Bias01:22

Bias

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
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Confirmation Biases01:31

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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The halo effect is a cognitive bias in which an individual's overall impression influences judgments about their specific traits. This psychological phenomenon leads people to associate positive characteristics with those they perceive as generally good and negative characteristics with those they view as bad. This effect is particularly influential in social perception, professional evaluations, and decision-making processes.The Psychological Basis of the Halo EffectThe halo effect is rooted...
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Why Antibias Interventions (Need Not) Fail.

Toni Schmader1, Tara C Dennehy1, Andrew S Baron1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia.

Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
|May 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding implicit bias is crucial for effective antibias interventions. This study introduces a visual typology to clarify bias pathways and guide targeted strategies for reducing prejudice.

Keywords:
diversity trainingimplicit biasmicroaggressionsstereotyping and prejudice

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Organizational Behavior
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • A significant gap exists between scientific understanding of bias and its application in organizational debiasing efforts.
  • Conceptual ambiguity surrounding implicit bias hinders effective intervention strategies.
  • Multiple pathways lead to biased behavior, necessitating tailored intervention approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To bridge the gap between public understanding and psychological research on bias.
  • To introduce a visual typology clarifying the expression of bias and its underlying mechanisms.
  • To identify distinct entry points for effective antibias interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a visual typology categorizing bias pathways.
  • Analysis of cognitive, motivational, and situational variables influencing bias expression.
  • Examination of the role of social norms in modulating bias perception and impact.

Main Results:

  • The typology clarifies implicit bias by highlighting key variables affecting its expression and inhibition.
  • Distinct intervention goals (changing associations, motivation, awareness, norms) are identified.
  • Interventions must target individual, interpersonal, and institutional structures.

Conclusions:

  • Effective antibias interventions require a clear understanding of bias pathways and mechanisms.
  • Tailored strategies addressing cognitive, motivational, and situational factors are essential.
  • Recommendations for evidence-based antibias training are provided, grounded in prejudice and stereotyping research.