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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

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The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

15.1K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Mechanisms Underlying Ionic Mobilities in Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes.

Ben Hanson1, Victor Pryamitsyn1, Venkat Ganesan1

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Adding titanium dioxide nanoparticles to polymer electrolytes decreases lithium ion conductivity. This is due to nanoparticles altering polymer structure and dynamics, impacting ion movement in poly(ethylene-oxide) (PEO) materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Nanoscale ceramic fillers can improve low-temperature conductivity in polymer electrolytes.
  • The precise mechanisms by which these fillers affect ion mobility are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on lithium ion diffusion in poly(ethylene-oxide) (PEO) using molecular dynamics simulations.
  • To elucidate the relationship between nanoparticle loading, polymer dynamics, and ion mobility.

Main Methods:

  • Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Utilized multibody polarizable force fields.
  • Studied lithium ion diffusivities in amorphous PEO with dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • Lithium ion diffusivity decreased with increasing TiO2 nanoparticle concentration.
  • Ion mobility was correlated with nanoparticle-induced changes in polymer segmental dynamics.
  • Changes in polymer dynamics were linked to nanoparticle effects on polymer conformational features.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle fillers, specifically TiO2, modify polymer conformations and segmental dynamics in PEO.
  • These alterations in polymer structure and dynamics ultimately influence the ion mobilities within polymer electrolytes.