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Related Concept Videos

Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

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Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
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Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
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A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End Tag Sequencing ChIA-PET for Mapping Chromatin Interactions and Understanding Transcription Regulation
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Using Chromatin-Nuclear Receptor Interactions to Quantitate Endocrine, Paracrine, and Autocrine Signaling.

Matthew D Taves1, Jonathan D Ashwell1

  • 1National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Nuclear Receptor Signaling
|May 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel biosensor to measure hormone access to cells, revealing how tissues buffer against circulating glucocorticoids (GCs) and demonstrating targeted paracrine GC signaling in the thymus for T-cell development.

Keywords:
autocrineendocrineglucocorticoid receptorglucocorticoidsparacrinesteroid transportsteroidogenesissteroidstranscription factor

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Nuclear receptors (NRs) mediate cellular processes via hormone signaling.
  • Hormone delivery occurs through endocrine and paracrine routes, influenced by various factors affecting ligand availability.
  • Current methods cannot quantify cell-specific hormone exposure, limiting understanding of signaling variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for quantifying cell-intrinsic hormone exposure to nuclear receptors.
  • To assess tissue buffering against circulating glucocorticoids (GCs).
  • To investigate paracrine GC signaling in thymocyte development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the ligand-dependent interaction of the endogenous glucocorticoid receptor with chromatin as a single-cell biosensor.
  • Quantified systemic GC access to cells within tissues.
  • Analyzed GC signaling in the thymus.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that tissues are buffered against circulating GCs at the single-cell level.
  • Revealed highly targeted paracrine GC signaling within the thymus.
  • Showed GCs promote positive selection of thymocytes with moderate self-antigen affinity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed biosensor approach effectively quantifies cell-intrinsic hormone exposure.
  • This method can identify endocrine and paracrine target cells and their hormone exposure in situ.
  • The findings advance understanding of hormone signaling regulation and its role in immune development.