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Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice
Published on: June 12, 2021
Mechanism of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors
Manu R Pandey1, Marc S Ernstoff1
1Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY 14203, USA.
Abstract:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the management of cancer over the last decade. Instead of targeting the cancer cell directly these agents work by augmenting the immune response towards tumor. Although they are associated with improved responses compared to traditional treatments in several malignancies, a majority of the patients don't respond to ICIs even when used in the frontline setting. In patients who do respond, a significant number eventually develop resistance. We will review ICI mechanisms of action and resistance. We will also discuss new therapeutic options and combinations with other agents that are currently being evaluated to overcome resistance to ICI.
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