[The immunomodulatory effect of neutrophil extracellular trapping nets (NETs) on hematological diseases]

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are characterized by a extracellular fibrous network structure produced by neutrophils with DNA and proteins. NETs can be formed by NADPH-dependent NETosis and NADPH-independent NETosis. After formation, it is not only hydrolyzed by DNase in plasma but can also be degraded intracellularly and extracellularly by macrophages and dendritic cells. Recent researches on NETs have reported the increased expression of NETs in a variety of hematological diseases and its immunomodulatory effect on blood system diseases. For example, NETs are closely linked to infections related to leukemia treatment, which affects the treatment and prognosis of leukemia; NETs are also involved in the progression of multiple myeloma, promote the progression of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and mediate the thrombotic events of chronic myeloproliferative tumors.